Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Politics - Essay Example Whatever the flaws, the precepts of divine law theory are basically hinged on what is right and what is wrong. Under that concept, any chaos or disorder in a community is resolved by determining what is good or bad in the conduct of the members. Hence, when all went loose and everyone was in pandemonium and craving for his or her own individual human desires, the biblical Moses saw that a law or set of laws be put in place in order to bring back orderliness and desirable behavior among the throng. Seeking heavenly intervention, he took rage against the people and dictated upon them absolute obedience to the Ten Commandments which he claimed came from above. Whether the directives were really from supernatural forces or not did not make a difference. What was then more essential and urgently necessary was that sanity and normalcy returned to the ancient land within the ambit of law and justice. As population multiplied and as men adopted different beliefs, perceptions and concepts, bowing to one symbol of adoration and worship over and above the power of humans became impossible. Those who were of superior intelligence developed their own independent thinking, perceptions and understanding of things and events and discussed and debated on their ideas in the public forums. The expressions influenced even those who did not care about changes and dynamics taking place in society. As it became imperative, practical laws which did not bear to any divine connection slowly gained acceptance. It had to be accepted that there were scores of people who did not believe in a god or in gods primarily because they did not see those to be worshipped. They did not entertain the idea of leaving to faith whatever they wanted to believe in. Interspersed between the differing factions, the concept of natural law became a neutral ground as an alternative that could be accepted by all to a cert ain extent. Hence, one who sowed and planted would harvest the

Swot Matrix for Compass Group Essay Example for Free

Swot Matrix for Compass Group Essay The SWOT analysis that my group and I came up with took a lot of time and research to ensure that our analysis would be effective. (SWOT analysis on page? ) Strengths Our group came up with five major strengths that Compass obtains. The first major strength that Compass possesses is they have excellent customer service. Excellent customer service is a major strength to have because this makes customers want to come back and this keeps revenue up. The second strength that is entailed on our SWOT analysis is strong client relationships. This is evident in their day to day activities while dealing customers and clients. The third strength Compass possessed is they have a very diversified client base. The fourth strength is convenience. I think that Compass Group biggest strengths are that they have a diversified client base and that they are what clients view as â€Å"convenient†. Because Compass has three divisions that are station around the world it can gain different clients and be able their needs. The next strength that is entailed on our SWOT analysis is Compass Group has consistent revenue growth. This is very important when dealing with any company because revenue is what pays the expenses to run the company and without revenue the company would go out of business. The last strength is Compass group’s diversified geographic presence. Compass Group has four divisions located in four different countries making it easier to target different client in different countries. Weakness Every company has weakness or things that can be better at and Compass is one of them companies. One of Compass Group’s weaknesses is that since they have divisions all over the world, not all of the managers operate the same way. This can be a problem because as a company, you want everybody to be on the same page even if you have different divisions operating out of different countries. The second weakness is that Compass Group trades in too many countries. It is economically not worth it. The third weakness is that Compass group leverage ratios show high debt. This means that Compass Group is operating it’s company at a high risk. The third weakness that Compass Group processes is that it has very low profitability ratios. The last weakness that is on the SWOT analysis is that Compass Group Time-Interest-Earned is very high. That means Compass has a lot of money that can be allocated for other purposes. Opportunities Just like every company has strengths and weakness, they also have opportunities to make their company better. The first opportunity is that restaurant industry sales have increased sixty-six percent in the U. S since 1970. The second opportunity is that fifty-two percent of meals are eaten outside of the home. What both of these stats tell me are that more people are going out to eat instead and getting a traditional home-cooked meal and this can only help my company become more profitable. The third opportunities we saw for Compass is that the contract food service market is still growing. This is great for Compass because this gives Compass an opportunity to gain more clients. Another opportunity for compass Group to grow as a company would be to seek the military as a client. Threats The threats to a company are the most important aspect of the SWOT analysis because a threat can cost a company money and it just might run you out of business. The first threat is that the sales /employee ratio is considerable lower than other industries. This could be a problem because as a company you are not getting enough sales per employee and you are losing money because of it. The second threat to Compass Group is that menu prices increased one-two percent with higher labor costs. This could be a big threat depending on the customers because there are always going to be one or two customers complaining about the new prices but it becomes a problem when a majority of you customers start complaining then you can lose of on business. The third threat is the compass Group rival competitors control seventy percent of the US contract food market. If this threat is not lowered to somewhere among fifty percent Compass Group could lose a lot of money in the near future, because if you rival competitors control more than half or the market they can dictate the price to the market. Then, Compass Group will have to make a choice if they want to continue with the own method or play copycat. The next threat of UN investigations can bring bad press to Compass Group and maybe lose some money too due to fines, court cost and things of that nature. The last threat is the never-ending problems of oil prices. This is not a huge problem for a big company like compass group but it is a problem because with rising oil prices it costs more to ship the necessary items to their destination.

Our Planet Needs Genetically Modified Foods :: GMOs, Genetically Modified Crops

Our Planet Needs Genetically Modified Foods Throughout the advancing technology of today, the human culture is becoming futuristic with science and all of its components. Genetically modifying foods presents positive opportunities in agriculture and human health. Furthermore, more scientifically advanced modifications that select genetically superior plants, have enhanced the yield of crops, improved storability, and increased disease resistance. To simply remove genes from one organism and transfer them to another is generally harmless if we take appropriate precautions. This often debated issue holds many objections. Moreover, one may claim that modifying genes at all is unnatural and evaluates a sufficient risk to many different organisms and species. However, the current technology we possess provides us with the capabilities to go beyond our limits. Why draw the line here? Genetically modifying foods presents positive and beneficial opportunities. In most cases, we are not eating those genes. By the time a genetically engineered corn plant has been processed into corn oil, virtually none of the genes or the proteins they produce are left in the food (Nutrition Action Healthletter, 2001). Transferring genes from one plant or animal to another provides an advantageous outcome to this production. A better resistance to weeds, pests, and diseases is produced as well as better yield and a more efficient use of land. Additionally, altering genetics in foods contributes to a better texture, flavour, and nutritional value of a product. Therefore, there is a longer shelf life and less herbicide or other chemicals are used in the production of genetically modified foods, which provides a healthier option and an increased selection for the consumer. Biotechnology is going to help solve problems that we face going into the next century such as reduction of allergi es, development of more nutritious foods, and an increased nutritional production to feed a growing population (McLaughlin, 1999). Subsequently, changing one or two genes does not make a foodstuff unacceptable. Religious and vegetarian groups would object to genes from some species, while adequate protection can be given with labelling the product. Ethically, one may argue that it is radically useless to modify foods genetically or that agriculture is already too technological and it will only progress more negatively. However, it is likely that increasing numbers of genetically modified foods will emerge in the near future with more variety of modifications and associated benefits. Generally, genetically modified foods will affect the lives of most people in the areas of food, medicine and environmental protection as it meets the modern technology of today.

Symbol, Allusion, and Myth in Irving Laytons Rhine Boat Trip Essay

Symbol, Allusion, and Myth in Irving Layton's Rhine Boat Trip  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "...haunted/by the ghosts of Jewish mothers/looking for their ghostly Children" (Layton). Though physical evidence of the Holocaust is now slightly limited, as time tends to destroy the tangible, the cry for justice and the remembrance of systematic genocide by a sadistic people enacting ignorant dogma will ring indefinitely throughout the world. Humanity will always be guilty of the atrocities that it instigates. Irving Layton, in his poem, Rhine Boat Trip, depicts the eternal evidence of the Nazi Crime, a stain of culpability that is reducible from all who have witnessed it. Layton is able to portray the onus of this horrific event through his employment of symbolism, allusion, and myth. The everlasting, inescapable pain of the Holocaust is so imbedded in our culture that our senses can become paralyzed by the enormity of its reverberation through the years since the last chimney fire in Aushwitz was snuffed. Through his use of symbolism, Layton is able to -it a picture in the minds of his readers, one that juxtaposes the subject matter with his choice of diction. Beginning with the title, Rhine Boat Trip, symbolism is installed in the poem. A boat trip on the Rhine is thought to be a journey through the ultimate bucolic paradise. What is encountered on this scenic route; however is far from the ideal vacation experience. Layton creates an ironic dichotomy between a life of luxury and intense human suffering. When the boat visits castles along the Rhine, its passengers are really witnessing the remnants of wealth accumulated by the Nazis from slave labor in concentration camps, a cruel practice that quickly stimulated the struggling German econom... ...rnatural power. Even the voices of the Lorelei, which sailors could not drown out of their ears, are ineffectual and in audible when the beauty of nature is tainted by the barbarity it has given   to, forever reminded of the supremacist desire that went too far. Even the most serene places of the Rhine, are filled of reminders of a massive suffering and a people who could not face the truth of the wickedness found in the Aryan race for dominance. Irving Layton's poem, Rhine Boat Tdp, depicts the immortality of the legacy left by those who were murdered, a legacy of remembrance they left in every breath of humanity, eternally seared with its guilt. Layton illustrates his message by expertly using literary devices such as symbolism, allusion, and myth. He is able to paint in the mind of the reader an unforgettable picture of human flaw and the karma of crime.

The main problem of the high amount

Alcoholism has always taken its toll on people, when they can stop controlling their habit, which would ultimately lead them to destruction in the form of alcohol abuse.   The people of Alaska are going through the same phase, and their rate of acceleration of the abuse is getting pretty much alarming.The main problem of the high amount of alcohol abuse in the state, can not only just be blamed at the people, but also should be blamed at the authority over them. Somehow the government’s function machinery seems too weak to handle the problem, and no proper steps have been taken till date that would help curb the problem.The relaxed laws, are the icing on the cake when it comes to the abuse in alcohol, as people have taken it for granted and know about the maximum punishment the state has to offer, when it comes to over drinking or to Alaska’s biggest problem, ‘underage drinking’; which is why the pathetic condition of the state in regards to alcoholism ca n be seen.Curbing the problem is not very easy, and steps have to be taken which have to be imaginative and out of the way category to put an end to the state’s meaningless alcoholism. More care can be given in counseling in schools, so that children from the age of 12 understand the bad effects of alcoholic abuse, and can learn to compete and to tackle the pressure of alcoholic parents and the pressures of the peer group to remain sober.Laws should be more vindictive when it’s coming to alcoholism in the state, and harsher punishments should be given than just monetary fines. People committing crime under the influence of alcohol, should be punished more strictly than compared to other states, as there is a serious rise in alcohol related crimes and felonies. More forces should be used to curtail smugglers providing illegal liquor in dry areas, as they have almost ruined the small rural areas of the state.A proposed solution to the problem would be that every person i n the state, should be given liquor permits, on the basis of compulsory psychological and physical tests, where his limit to alcohol would be based on the severity of his alcoholic problem, giving the government insights of severity of citizens along with getting sound demographic knowledge of alcohol abused areas.Since the beginning of civilization, man has always had tried to acquire a habit, that would keep him occupied and would make him content, at the cost of others. Strange as it may seem, man had developed the production of alcohol not too far after he understood the concept of still agriculture, and end of nomadic life also bought in an era of a time, where the concept of being in an inebriated state was realized.Alcohol has been introduced and has been cherished by all the civilizations that have come and that have been responsible for the development of mankind. Alcohol in those times, were used as medicine, God offerings, for nutrition purposes and was used for different sets of rituals and traditions that the natives followed apart from gratification.In today’s times, alcohol has become an integral part of our culture, and apart from beer and wine, which were the olden times favorite beverages, we have now options for the choicest of choicest drinks and cocktails available to us with great ease.Any pleasure activity that is done in control is well appreciated, but the problem occurs with an uncontrollable desire to continue doing pleasure activities, without understanding the consequences, and falling into the trap of addiction. This addiction trap, initial gains access to individuals, then groups, then large sections of the society, and finally it consumes an entire state, like the current condition of Alaska.  Alaska, is probably the best example of effects of alcohol abuse on a very large scale, and the whole state’s function is collapsing and the state output is being wastedon it residents, as the inhabitants of the state have reached a stage known as â€Å"disease of dependency†, because of high alcohol consumption.The problem with the state is it’s firstly very sparsely populated, and it suffers from a high percentage from the phenomenon of brain drain right after high school. Moreover in the winter the climate goes down berserk, and temperature can go down below -50 degree Celsius.This extreme cold also prompts the natives to drink more than the quota of an average American, and the natives love for alcohol has given the state an average of alcohol consumption more than double when compared to the national average for alcohol consumption.The report of the Alaska native federation stated the alcohol abuse has badly gripped the state of Alaska, and the entire state was heading for doom, as the effects of the alcohol were quiet drastic.

Crime Hotspots in Washington DC

Crime Hotspots in Washington DC Free Online Research Papers Crime hot spots are considered crime infested areas. A hot spot is an area that has a greater than average number of criminal or disorder events, or an area where people have a higher than average risk of victimization (Weisburd, 2005). Hot spots vary and may be hotter than others. All neighborhoods, good or bad, have crime hot spots. Most streets free from crime have problematic areas. Factors that contribute to hot spots are always different. Most hot spots is a place that several crimes occur in. Even in a high-crime area, crime is concentrated in a few places or places with no crime at all. Underlying causes of crime occur in places where repeated crime with different victims, repeated victimization, and different places. People fall victim to crime doing normal business such as going to and from school, work, bus stops, shopping, or recreation activities. These crimes occur along routes that offenders usually use. Hot spots for crime occur were victim’s frequently visits most such as gas stations, retail stores, convenience stores, and fast food stores. Another hot spot for crime occur along routes with high traffic drug dealing. In recent years, hot spots in Washington, DC have become increasing problematic and increasingly high in crime. These spots include Anacostia, Outter Southeast, H Street Corridor, The NE SE Quadrants, Ivy City, Drake Place, and Trinidad just to name a few. In the fight against crime in hot spots, many police department in DC have adopted many strategic tactics including the use of curfews and surveillance cameras in high-crime areas and initiated new search-and-seize methods to get guns off the street (Lanier, 2005). In May 2008, a rash or fatal shootings in the Trinidad section instituted a five day checkpoint check by officers of any driver wishing to enter the area. Other method that is presently being used In DC to combat the war on crime includes targeted patrols. Target patrols concentrate on crime hot spots and time that they occur, also called hot times. In a targeted patrol, many officers cover a specific area in marked police cars with flashing lights to maximize visibility to offenders (Lanier, 2005). Also, targeting specific areas or different types of crimes with high-tech policing that give investigators the capability to analyze crime minute-by-minute increasing greater ability and success in the attack on crime before it happens. These tactics have proved to be very valuable by reducing crime within 90 days (Lanier, 2005). Research Papers on Crime Hotspots in Washington DCThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenLifes What IfsBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Tycho Brahe Essays - Copernican Revolution, Tycho Brahe, Philippists

Tycho Brahe Essays - Copernican Revolution, Tycho Brahe, Philippists Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe Tyge (Latinized as Tycho) Brahe was born on 14 December 1546 in Skane, then in Denmark, now in Sweden. He was the eldest son of Otto Brahe and Beatte Bille, both from families in the high nobility of Denmark. He was brought up by his paternal uncle Jrgen Brahe and became his heir. He attended the universities of Copenhagen and Leipzig, and then traveled through the German region, studying further at the universities of Wittenberg, Rostock, and Basel. During this period his interest in alchemy and astronomy was aroused, and he bought several astronomical instruments. In 1572 Tycho observed the new star in Cassiopeia and published a brief tract about it the following year. In 1574 he gave a course of lectures on astronomy at the University of Copenhagen. He was now convinced that the improvement of astronomy hinged on accurate observations. After another tour of Germany, where he visited astronomers, Tycho accepted an offer from the King Frederick II to fund an observatory. He was given the little island of Hven in the Sont near Copenhagen, and there he built his observatory, Uraniburg, which became the finest observatory in Europe. Tycho designed and built new instruments, calibrated them, and instituted nightly observations. He also ran his own printing press. The observatory was visited by many scholars, and Tycho trained a generation of young astronomers there in the art of observing. After a falling out with King Christian IV, Tycho packed up his instruments and books in 1597 and left Denmark. After traveling several years, he settled in Prague in 1599 as the Imperial Mathematician at the court of Emperor Rudolph II. He died there in 1601. His instruments were stored and eventually lost. Tycho Brahe's contributions to astronomy were enormous. He not only designed and built instruments, he also calibrated them and checked their accuracy periodically. He thus revolutionized astronomical instrumentation. He also changed observational practice profoundly. Whereas earlier astronomers had been content to observe the positions of planets and the Moon at certain important points of their orbits. Tycho and his cast of assistants observed these bodies throughout their orbits. As a result, a number of orbital anomalies never before noticed were made explicit by Tycho. Without these complete series of observations of unprecedented accuracy, Kepler could not have discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits. Tycho was also the first astronomer to make corrections for atmospheric refraction*. In general, whereas previous astronomers made observations accurate to perhaps 15 arc minutes, those of Tycho were accurate to perhaps 2 arc minutes, and it has been shown that his best observations were accurate to about half an arc minute. Tycho's observations of the new star of 1572 and comet of 1577, and his publications on these phenomena, were instrumental in establishing the fact that these bodies were above the Moon and that therefore the heavens were not immutable as Aristotle had argued and philosophers still believed. The heavens were changeable and therefore the Aristotelian division between the heavenly and earthly regions came under attack (see, for instance, Galileo's Dialogue) and was eventually dropped. Further, if comets were in the heavens, they moved through the heavens. Up to now it had been believed that planets were carried on material spheres (spherical shells) that fit tightly around each other. Tycho's observations showed that this arrangement was impossible because comets moved through these spheres. Celestial spheres faded out of existence between 1575 and 1625. Tycho developed a system that combined the best of both worlds. He kept the Earth in the center of the universe, so that he could retain Aristotelian physics The Moon and Sun revolved about the Earth, and the shell of the fixed stars was centered on the Earth. But Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn revolved about the Sun. He put the (circular) path of the comet of 1577 between Venus and Mars. This Tychonic world system became popular early in the seventeenth century among those who felt forced to reject the Ptolemaic arrangement of the planets (in which the Earth was the center of all motions) but who, for various reasons, could not accept the Copernican alternative. Tycho's major works include De Nova et Nullius Aevi Memoria Prius Visa Stella (On the New and Never

Business Ethics Example

Business Ethics Example Business Ethics – Case Study Example Business Ethics Mary’s case is a complicated dilemma. Arguably, one of the evident aspects, in this case, is a case ofsexual harassment. Mary has a number of ethical dilemmas. Primarily, her main problem is the fact that she needs the corporate support for the blood drive as she is passionate about the mission. She is not quite sure if she should forward Joe for his unlawful conduct or whether she should. In normal cases, Joe would be at a great disadvantage and could face a court sentencing for fondling Peggy’s breast. However, in this case, the corporation might withdraw its support since its representative has been incriminated in the process. However, another possible situation is whereby Mary reports the case to the corporate managers and gets their support, hence allowing the program to continue while Joe faces legal action. Primarily, Mary has two options to undertake. First, Mary needs to understand the level of corporate tolerance of sexual harassment cases in the past to determine if it is safe to report Joe to the top management or if it is not. After understanding the tolerance levels within the organization, would make the dilemma uncomplicated, especially if the company has a strict sexual harassment policy. Secondly, the company might have high tolerance levels to such individuals. In such a case, Mary can tell Peggy all what is at stake, but consistently reminds her that whatever action she decides to take against Joe is up to her and that Mary will support her fully. In such an incidence, then Mary may lose the program if Peggy decides to press charges or retain it if she decides to overlook the issue for a greater purpose. It is then entirely up to the injured party to decide what legal action to take and in no way up to the managers (Boland 174). However, Mary needs to take proactive actions to prevent Joe from taking such measures such as requesting a different representative from the corporation. Work CitedBoland, Mary L. Sexu al Harassment in the Workplace. Naperville, Ill: Sphinx Pub, 2006. Print.

Discussion 13 nur 702 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 13 nur 702 - Assignment Example Thirdly, a gender dimension to my clinical problem exists and links available evidence with health policy. Burden of hypertension is greater among women than among men. American Heart Association (AHA) helps fight for strong public health policies that help in combating heart disease and can help with the first area. The AHA advances its mission through volunteer funds and research. American Kidney Fund can help in lobbying for health policy that would give patients financial support to help cater for their care and to conduct health education. HealthyWomen can help in foregrounding women issues that accrue from hypertension and heart disease mobilizing for health policy that would help address these issues. To get involved in health policy specific to my clinical problem, I will endeavor to contribute my evidence to the shaping the policy content. Additionally, I will be in the forefront showing the need to have laws that cover the issues that will be found to be pressing regarding the clinical problem. Finally, I will contribute in keeping surveillance ensuring that the policy is implemented and adopted (Brownson, Chriqui & Stamatakis,

Distribution Center LocationGrainger Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Distribution Center LocationGrainger - Assignment Example The company has expanded its supplies operations to Panama, China and Canada. Moreover, the company has over three thousand vendors and offer more than nine hundred thousand products. In addition, Ginger.Inc Company has over one point eight million customers across the globe. In order to attain competitive advantage over the other competitors, the company has establish efficient and effective distribution channels to ensure there are efficiency and effectiveness in delivery of their products to their customers (Duch, & Arenas, 2005). In addition, the company has a well-designed website where customers who are in different parts of the world can have an easy access to the products offered by the company. For instance, a customer who is in China can just visit the Grainger. Inc website and order a product online. The company may deliver the product at the door step of the customer irrespective of the geographical barriers. This is possible because Grainger, Inc Company has well-establi shed supply chain networks in all its distribution centres (In Ahn, 2014). To run the supply chain efficiently Grainger and other organisations must address their problems as discussed below; Grainger must learn on how to eliminate the doubles cost of distribution by building a new centre for distributing its products in Los Angles. Based on the above calculations it can be scrutinized that the company is incurring the double cost, and it will be efficient to adopt the change. The company will be able to save the money. For example517, 99.567 dollars may be saved annually; the figure was obtained by finding the difference between the two options (Beamon,

PCR pratical Write-up Journal style.(VIROLOGY) Lab Report

PCR pratical Write-up Journal style.(VIROLOGY) - Lab Report Example However, no viral DNA was detected in MRC5 cell line. In conclusion, PCR is an effective tool for the detection of viral genome in infected host cells. Conventional laboratory methods of identifying disease-causing pathogens often involve morphological characterization and antigen detection (Lee et al., 2009; Nitzan et al., 2009; Cicek et al., 2007). However, the traditional morphological examination which relies heavily on culture techniques, presents a serious laggard, on top of contamination problems (Candrian 1995). The emergence of molecular diagnostic tools have circumvented and altered the limitations brought about by the conventional diagnostic techniques (Lion et al., 2006). Specifically, genome-based techniques are increasingly becoming popular due to their high specificity and sensitivity. One tool that has revolutionized the field of clinical diagnostics is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an enzymatic procedure which amplifies a specific fragment of DNA or RNA (Lion et al., 2006). Since PCR makes use of nucleic acids to detect the presence of organisms, it is extremely useful in the identification of notoriously difficult-to-detect pathogens like viruses. It has been established that human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is a necessary precursor for the onset of cervical cancer (Stanley 2010). In fact, approximately 90% of cervical cancer cases can be accounted for by HPV types 16 and 18. Since HPV infection is very common with a lifetime risk of infection of 50-80%, its accurate diagnosis is very crucial (Stanley 2010). . The purpose of this experiment is to detect the presence of viral genome using polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, the experiment seeks to compare the genomic DNA extracted from HeLa cells, a cervical cancer cell line and MRC5 cells derived from a 14-week old fetal lung tissue in order to confirm that HeLa cells contain human papilloma virus (HPV) 18 DNA. The HeLa

Crude Oil Prices between 1985 and 1994 Article Analysis Assignment

Crude Oil Prices between 1985 and 1994 Article Analysis - Assignment Example The authors point out that over time, competitive forces have caused a greater variance in the prices of oil in world oil markets even with the market arrangements brought by OPEC or by international oil companies. They agree with other authors such as Claudio Morana who states that both direct and indirect effects that came about because of consumption matters and technologies led to oil price volatilities (Morana, 2012, p. 2). Hence, the authors assert that between 1985 and 1994 there was a volatility in the price of oil as well as other non-oil commodities The two authors divided the article into six major parts. In the introduction, the authors introduce the trends in the volatility of the oil prices, the oil price shocks and the forces behind the volatility of the prices. In the introduction, the authors bring in a very important argument stating that the way competitive forces lead to an upsurge in oil prices, so do the factors that determine the availability and price of oil parallel the factors that determine other traded commodities (Institute for the 21st Century Energy, 2012, p. 2). In the next section titled ‘background and motivation,’ the authors look at the years before the 1985-1994 period and the manner in which oil prices were handled. The authors look at the failure of the major oil companies to set oil prices that led to the emergence of OPEC as the ultimate price determinant. They also look at the price of oil going into the 1980s period when OPEC was weakened by market forces in determining the price of oils. They point out 1983 as the most significant year when the transition to market forces happened and saw the creation of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX).

The whole secret of life is to be interested in one thing profoundly Thesis

The whole secret of life is to be interested in one thing profoundly and a thousand other things well Hugh Walpole - Thesis Example While there are many such people in the market, only few of them succeed. Google set a new milestone in online searching, Microsoft paved the way for home computing and the Body shop by Anita Roddick succeeded only because it focused on eco-friendly beauty products. History speaks volumes about the above quoted words too. Thomas Alva Edison, the American inventor and businessman succeeded in giving the world the light bulb only because he was interested in one thing profoundly. He was keen on experimenting and continued to do it with great passion. Records stated that when Edison failed for a thousand times, he did not say he failed. He said that he knew of a thousand ways not to make a light bulb. Had it not been profound interest for one thing, Edison would have given up his experiments and considered his life a failure. We would not have benefited so soon from a light bulb and would not have remembered him with the great reverence that we do today. Even great leaders like Mahatma Gandhi could help India gain freedom only through constant interest in working towards it. Had these men been diverted with various interests, they would never have been able to put their heart and mind into huge successes. The quoted words hold good in our personal lives too. Success is achieved when one does not spread oneself too thin, staying focused on work helps accomplish it and the secret of living life to the fullest and to the happiest comes only from being the king of one's empire. Antithesis While the above statements portray the goodness in Hugh Walpole's statements, the same is not always true. In today's changing times, where there is throat cutting competition and one has to be ahead of the other in the mad race of life, statements like the one made by Hugh Walpole have their own shortcomings. If we were to be profoundly interested in one thing with a general interest in other things we would not get ahead in life. If a businessman, for example, just takes deep passion for selling cell phones, he would do well. However in order to succeed, he would need to take an equal interest in understanding the needs of the market (business researching), new product launches (technology), caring for employees (organizational behavior), caring for customers etc. Unless all these aspects are not looked after, with equal interest and enthusiasm, the organization and the businessman are doomed to lesser degree of success. Thus while the above examples of Google, Microsoft and the Bo dy shop did take into consideration their core areas, they gave equal importance to a million other issues. That is also the reason all large organizations have different departments (like HR, research, marketing, product development, customer care) and equal importance is given to all of them. History also leads us to believe this to be true. Thomas Alva Edison could give the world great inventions because he had profound interest in one thing. But let us not forget that even during his times, when there was not much competitiveness, he had profound interest in business too, which led him to form the General Electric. Had he not been able to let the world know of his inventions and market them through the organization, it would have possible that someone else would have taken the credit for

Crude Oil Prices between 1985 and 1994 Article Analysis Assignment

Crude Oil Prices between 1985 and 1994 Article Analysis - Assignment Example The authors point out that over time, competitive forces have caused a greater variance in the prices of oil in world oil markets even with the market arrangements brought by OPEC or by international oil companies. They agree with other authors such as Claudio Morana who states that both direct and indirect effects that came about because of consumption matters and technologies led to oil price volatilities (Morana, 2012, p. 2). Hence, the authors assert that between 1985 and 1994 there was a volatility in the price of oil as well as other non-oil commodities The two authors divided the article into six major parts. In the introduction, the authors introduce the trends in the volatility of the oil prices, the oil price shocks and the forces behind the volatility of the prices. In the introduction, the authors bring in a very important argument stating that the way competitive forces lead to an upsurge in oil prices, so do the factors that determine the availability and price of oil parallel the factors that determine other traded commodities (Institute for the 21st Century Energy, 2012, p. 2). In the next section titled ‘background and motivation,’ the authors look at the years before the 1985-1994 period and the manner in which oil prices were handled. The authors look at the failure of the major oil companies to set oil prices that led to the emergence of OPEC as the ultimate price determinant. They also look at the price of oil going into the 1980s period when OPEC was weakened by market forces in determining the price of oils. They point out 1983 as the most significant year when the transition to market forces happened and saw the creation of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX).

Analyze the Japanese-American Internment (War Relocation Camps, 1942) Research Paper

Analyze the Japanese-American Internment (War Relocation Camps, 1942) In the Years of WWII - Research Paper Example Prior to identifying the reasons based on which, the Japanese-American Internment was created during the years of WWII, it will be vital to mention that the decision for creating as well as executing such a power was made by the 32nd US President, Mr. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It is strongly believed that power of the Japanese-American Internment was mainly created to address the issue of anti-Japanese sentiment with instant and severe action. The belief of the Americans regarding the Japanese people towards supporting in making effective planning with the motive of attacking Pearl Harbor eventually fuelled the issue, and urged the need for creating Japanese-American Internment. Besides, the Japanese-American Internment was also created for preventing further surveillance conducted by Japanese Americans living in the US. After the assault on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese American based community leaders and the people alleged to have collaboration with Japan were arrested. Acquiring a brief idea about the Japanese-American Internment, it becomes apparent that the said approach was mainly utilized for declaring that the individuals belonging to Japanese lineage were barred from the entire Pacific Coast, encompassing California and most of the regions of Washington as well as Oregon. The Japanese-American Internment approach was utilized for putting an end to the rising tensions prevailing between the then international relations of the US and Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor.

High School Dropouts Essay Example for Free

High School Dropouts Essay It’s been known for years that young people who do not earn a high school diploma face many more problems later in life than people who graduate. Dropouts are more likely to be unemployed, have poor health, live in poverty, be on public assistance, and be single parents. It all began in the 1960’s when students started to drop out due to the racial discriminations and gang violence. . High school drop outs have been a very serious problem in the United States. Here in this essay I will clarify how high school dropouts is a problem that should be solved. High school dropouts have been a continuous matter for many generations. Pregnancy, poor grades, truancy, low income, and bad behavior are the main causes of dropouts. Which leads for young people to more likely to unemployed, live in poverty and be depending on the help of the government. Approximately 7,000 high school students drop out every school day, which translates to one in three students. Once students make the decision to drop out, they lack the tools to compete in todays society and diminish their chances for greater success in the future. Many years of failure and frustration can also lead for a person to dropout. The loss of motivation, source of support and encouragement lead students to not believe in them selves and only find the solution to drop out. Now in days, there are many options for high school dropouts. The government offers students to enroll themselves in vocational and trade school or non traditional schools. Which allow students to finish the rest of their credits or receive there GED. Vocational schools allow for students to study the field in which they are interested in. This is an effective option as most students that drop out struggle with some classes, but excel in a class that they enjoy. Of course the best solution is for students to stay in school, but if a student is going to drop out there are options to help him or her get the education and experiences to help him or her to succeed. There is defiantly many advantages in these programs. Dropouts have the opportunity at a second chance to be successful. The only disadvantage there can possibly be only relies on the individual. The person is the only responsible one and it is up to them if they truly want to commit themselves to an education. If the person does not commit themselves they will only loose the chance and go back to the possibility of being unemployed or getting paid minimum wage for the rest of there life. It is important for young people to take school seriously in order to prevent a very unfortunate future. In my opinion I think that the best solution is to stay in school. It will prevent people from having to deal with unemployment and poverty. Staying school will allow students to achieve there goals and most of all make others feel proud of you as well. High school can defiantly open many doors only if he or she is committed to their education and motivated. It is time for people to make a difference and speak to future generations regarding there education. Preventing dropouts can certainly change the world in the future.

Athletic Directors Leadership Traits and Job Satisfaction

Athletic Directors Leadership Traits and Job Satisfaction This chapter will provide a review of the literature and research related to the purpose of the study. Because research identifying specific leadership traits of high school athletic directors is almost nonexistent, this literature review begins with a summary of: (a) leadership defined (b) general educational leadership traits and theories, (c) roles and responsibilities, (d) job satisfaction and finish with the (e) summary. Leadership Defined Leadership is a term that can be found throughout all workplaces. The meaning of leadership can be defined in a variety of ways. According to Fiedler (1967), leadership is defined by managing group work with appropriate control and organization. According to Dr. Jamie Williams (Sugarman, 1999), leadership is like gravity. You know its there, you know it exists, but how do you define it? Nahavandi (2008) explained that researchers disagree with leadership definitions because of the fact that leadership is a complicated phenomenon mixed with the leader, the follower, and the situation. For example, Coach John Woodens ability to motivate his mens basketball program at UCLA to win 11 national championships during his coaching tenure provides evidence of Woodens transformational leadership. Wooden inspired his players to play to the best of their ability and to never accept losing. He was also instrumental in making sure that his players stayed very humble in the process. Hughes et al. (2008) explained that some researchers have paid attention to the leaders personal traits while others have focused on the relationship between leaders and followers or situational factors that influence leadership behavior. Roach and Behling (1984) defined leadership as the procedure of guiding an organized team toward achieving its objectives. This is definition is accepted by any sports team that wins a championship or achieves their team goals. Rost (1993) defined leadership as influence dynamics among leaders and followers who attempt to bring true organizational changes that reflect their common goals. Daft (1999) stated that in the new era represented by a dramatic change, an old philosophy of control-oriented leadership is not effective anymore, and that leaders should make effort to retain soft elements of leadership qualities in addition to hard management skills. Watkins and Rikard (1991) defined leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement. There are many categories, given the different ways the influencing process is played out. Three such categories are transactional leadership transformational leadership, and situational leadership. Leadership Traits and Theories Theories of leadership have evolved and debate over the act of leadership, and what is required, continues. This study will explore the leadership traits of high school athletic directors and if they correlate with job satisfaction. According to Young, et al (2010), the documentation of educational leadership traits for high school athletic directors is scarce. However, the traits of organization, roles and responsibilities and job satisfaction of high school athletic directors are prevalent in previous research. Since the twentieth century there have been many researching leadership and creating theories to go with their findings (Dulewicz Higgs, 2003; Grint, 2000; Higgs, 2002; Kets de Vries, 1993). Leadership theories can be grouped into one of eight theory categories. These eight theories are the Great Man theory, trait theories, contingency theory, situational theories, behavioral theories, participative theories, management theories and relationship theories. This research will look into the details of the trait theory, behavioral theories, situational theories, and transformational and transactional leadership. Trait theories will identify which characteristics are shared by leaders. According to Shead (2010) since certain traits are associated with proficient leadership, it assumes that if you could identify people with the correct traits, you will be able to identify leaders and people with leadership potential. Trait theory takes on the assumption that leaders are born with leadership traits or not. This idea appears to be incorrect. Shead (2010) states that it is possible for someone to change their character traits for the worse and that someone who is known for being honest can learn to become deceitful. In addition, someone who is deceitful can learn to become honest. Often times we look for honesty, drive, goal oriented, competent and intelligent people to become our leaders. Between 1940 and into the late 1990s, researchers (e.g., Dulewicz Higg s, 2003; Partington, 2003) categorized approaches to leadership theory improvements into several schools, according to time order. Trait school, behavioral school, contingency school, and visionary school were considered the four major trait schools. The trait school leadership theories were largely popular in the 1940s. Stogdill (1974) referred to the Great Man Theory, which stated that leaders are different from followers due to common leader traits. Additionally, Turner (1999) supported Stogdills (1974) claim about leaders being different from followers by explaining that leaders are born into being great leaders and not made into great leaders. Hogan (1991) explained that traits refer to repetitive patterns in a persons behavior and the trait approach attempts to explain peoples behavioral trends in terms of certain strengths of traits that they retain. Stogdill (1974) also stated that leaders traits are shown through hardwork, friendliness, conscientiousness, and willingness to take on responsibility rather than personality, ambition and physical makeup such as height. Turners (1999) research supports Stogdill (1974) by showing that effective managers have traits such as energy and drive, self-confidence, and highly effectiv e communication skills. The behavioral approach to leadership was well studied between the 1940s and 1960s. During this time period, researchers from the University of Michigan and The Ohio State University posited that leaders behaviors can be explained within two independent factors called consideration and initiating structure (Fleishman, 1973; Halpin Winer, 1957). According to the Ohio State researchers, the term consideration applies to the degree in which leaders show support and friendship towards followers, while the phrase initiating structure applies to the manner in which leaders stress the importance of achieving goals and tasks. According to Bower Seashore (1966), the behavioral students conducted by the University of Michigan researchers posited that effective group performance shows a relationship with four dimensions of leadership behaviors: support, interaction facilitation, goal emphasis, and work facilitation. The leader support behaviors shows a relationship with concern for subordinat es, while interaction facilitation shows a relationship with reconciling relational conflicts among group members. Bower and Seashore (1966) explained that in sum, goal emphasis and work facilitation are job-centered dimensions, but leaders support and interaction facilitation are employee-centered dimensions. Recent studies by (e.g., Curphy, 2003; Smither, London, Flautt, Vargas, Kucine, 2003) have claimed that considering certain leadership behaviors are adopted for effective leadership, leadership can be developed. The behavioral school states that, leaders can change their behavior via reflection, organizational development systems, and 360-degree feedback amongst others (McCauley, Ruderman, Ohlott, Morrow, 1994). According to Bass (1985), these two categories are points on a continuum of leadership behavior. Athletic directors are going to fall into one of the two leadership categories. Bass (1998) described transformational leadership as behavior that transcends the need for rewards and appeals to the followers higher order needs, inspiring them to act in the best interest of the organization rather than their own self-interest. Thus, leaders must possess high ethical and moral standards in order to provide the highest reward to the organization. One might infer that even the most ethically and morally charged athletic director cannot possibly provide the highest rewards each and every year to the organization that he/she represents. However, ethics and morals are two very important characteristics in an individual when determining the type of leader one might become. Leadership styles are known to change, and thus a transformational leader could dip into the realm of transactional leadership and vice versa. Generally, personality and character traits can provide us with the determination as to whether or not you are a transformational or transactional leader. According to Bass (1998) transformational leadership is universally applicable. He proposed that regardless of culture, transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group or organization. Followers become motivated to expend greater effort than would usually be expected. If an AD exemplified Basss transformational leadership model, coaches in the school would offer up all that they have to support the athletic director and school that they work for. For example, the athletic director buys-in to the complete offerings of his/her current employer as we continue to transform the area of athletics. According to Sugarman (1999), excellence in leadership is acquired by people who have a strong sense of vision, have passion and are able to get people to commit 100% and take the necessary action to see that vision becomes a reality. Great leaders excel in the art of communication and motivation, mutual respect, instilling confidence and enthusiasm, and showing credibility and integrity on a consistent basis. Various high school athletic directors and coaches all across the United States create programs teaching their student athletes leadership styles and how they can be applied. One popular program that was used to establish athletic leadership for Wheeler High Schools football team in Valparaiso, Indiana is based off the acronym for L.E.A.D.E.R.S.H.I.P. Coach Snodgrass of Wheeler High School utilized the L.E.A.D.E.R.S.H.I.P. program that he learned while attending the Indiana Football Coaches Association Annual Clinic in 2003. According to Snodgrass (2004), the acronym is as foll ows: Influence, Integrity, Communication, Attitude, Courage, Sacrifice, Goals, Servant-Hood, Vision, and Perseverance. Each one of these terms forms a strong resilient leadership program for any athletic program. The athletic director must decide how important it is for him or her to provide this type of leadership program to his or her student athletes, school administration, and school community. With the proper education comes an ability to manage, facilitate, and guide. A true leader, however, does not simply read books or study what leadership should be. Rather, a true leader is someone who shows transformational or transactional traits naturally. Providing a program like the one that Wheeling High School provided for its football players shows that the leadership is transformational at this school. Giving the students an opportunity to understand what leadership is all about and how leadership is applied in everyday life allowed those football players at Wheeling High School i n Valparaiso, IN to become stronger individuals in the classroom, community, and field. The football coach for this team showed his athletic director a true meaning of transformational leadership. Bolman and Deal (2003) stated that leadership is universally offered as a panacea for almost any social problem (p. 336). Within the athletic arena, leadership is a term used to describe any event which coaches, staff members, administrators, and ADs go above and beyond their normal work day. Bolman and Deal (2003) noted further that if leaders lose their legitimacy then they lose the capacity to lead. For example, a high school athletic director has authority but not necessarily leadership. Additionally, a leader is also not necessarily a manager. Many managers do not know how to lead. Bennis and Nanus (1985) asserted that managers do things right, and leaders do the right thing. It is very important for high school athletic directors to understand the distinction between the terms leader and manager because high school athletic directors will not produce a successful leadership style if they cannot distinguish differences in leading and managing. Leadership and management can be situational. According to Hersey and Blanchard (2001) the situational leadership model combines task and people into a two-by-two chart, which shows four possible leadership styles: telling, selling, participating, and delegating. Bolman and Deal (2003) stated this model distinguishes four levels of subordinate readiness and argues that the appropriate leadership style depends on the situation. The four styles are as follows: Leadership through participation involves having a high relationship with ones subordinates with low tasks involved. This style is used when followers are able but unwilling or insecure to accomplish the task at hand. According to Sugarmann (1999), Vince Lombardi says, Leaders are made, they are not born; and they are made just like anything else has ever been made in this country by hard work. Additionally, Sugarmann (1999) stated that leading by example is paramount to becoming known as a great leader. Leadership through selling is exemplified when there is a high relationship value with followers and the tasks level is high. This style is used when followers are unable, but willing or motivated to accomplish the tasks at hand. The third style is leadership through delegation, and this is used with there is minimal relationship with followers and a low task requirement. The style is used when followers are able and willing or motivated to accomplish the tasks at hand. The four possible leadership styles explained by Hersey and Blanchards (2001) situational leadership model are significant in the maturation process of a high school athletic director. Each one of these leadership styles could be used during varying circumstances within the athletic directors position. Hersey and Blanchards (2001) situational leadership concept provides supporting information that in order to become an effective leader one must consider all four styles within the situational leadership model. Situational Leadership Situational leadership is another theory that focuses on the development of the follower and styles of each leader being exhibited. Hersey and Blanchard (2001) stated that there are four leadership styles (S1 to S4) that match the development levels (D1 to D4) of the followers. The four styles suggest that leaders should put greater or less focus on the task in question and/or the relationship between the leader and the follower, depending on the development level of the follower. The four leadership styles are named, S1 telling and directing, S2 selling and coaching, S3 participating and supporting and S4 delegating and observing. Hersey and Blanchard (2001) situational theory is broken down as follows: S1: Telling / Directing Follower: R1: Low competence, low commitment / Unable and unwilling or insecure Leader: High task focus, low relationship focus When the follower cannot do the job and is unwilling or afraid to try, then the leader takes a highly directive role, telling them what to do but without a great deal of concern for the relationship. The leader may also provide a working structure, both for the job and in terms of how the person is controlled. The leader may first find out why the person is not motivated and if there are any limitations in ability. These two factors may be linked, for example where a person believes they are less capable than they should be may be in some form of denial or other coping. They follower may also lack self-confidence as a result. If the leader focused more on the relationship, the follower may become confused about what must be done and what is optional. The leader thus maintains a clear do this position to ensure all required actions are clear. S2: Selling / Coaching Follower: R2: Some competence, variable commitment / Unable but willing or motivated Leader: High task focus, high relationship focus When the follower can do the job, at least to some extent, and perhaps is over-confident about their ability in this, then telling them what to do may demotivate them or lead to resistance. The leader thus needs to sell another way of working, explaining and clarifying decisions. The leader thus spends time listening and advising and, where appropriate, helping the follower to gain necessary skills through coaching methods. Note: S1 and S2 are leader-driven. S3: Participating / Supporting Follower: R3: High competence, variable commitment / Able but unwilling or insecure Leader: Low task focus, high relationship focus When the follower can do the job, but is refusing to do it or otherwise showing insufficient commitment, the leader need not worry about showing them what to do, and instead is concerned with finding out why the person is refusing and thence persuading them to cooperate. There is less excuse here for followers to be reticent about their ability, and the key is very much around motivation. If the causes are found then they can be addressed by the leader. The leader thus spends time listening, praising and otherwise making the follower feel good when they show the necessary commitment. S4: Delegating / Observing Follower: R4: High competence, high commitment / Able and willing or motivated Leader: Low task focus, low relationship focus When the follower can do the job and is motivated to do it, then the leader can basically leave them to it, largely trusting them to get on with the job although they also may need to keep a relatively distant eye on things to ensure everything is going to plan. Followers at this level have less need for support or frequent praise, although as with anyone, occasional recognition is always welcome. Note: S3 and S4 are follower-led (p. 259-261). Roles and Responsibilities The focus on the athletic director as an employee, leader, and representative of interscholastic athletics is needed to understand the gravity of where athletic directors come from and who they have become today. Todays athletic directors have many difficult tasks. It is their job to ensure that interscholastic athletics perform at a very high level. In addition, it is imperative that athletic directors maintain the integrity of the student-athlete. Davis (2002) states that previously, leadership ability was assumed because of athletic success. Today, those in athletic director positions are getting more training and education in administrative leadership. The training and education allow the athletic director to begin providing leadership at the beginning of his/her job. Thus, the success of the interscholastic athletic program hinges on the type of leadership training and education received by the athletic director. Athletic directors job descriptions will continue to evolve as the requirements to managing a successful program evolve. One sample written job description of an athletic director for a small private school in Florida shows that their athletic director will perform the following duties: direct the athletic program, assure that the school complies with all policies and procedures of the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA), supervise the scheduling of all athletic contests, identify and recommend the hiring and firing of coaches for each sport, ensure that all school policies and procedures are followed by the entire coaching staff (including, assistant coaches), in addition to many other duties as assigned by the headmaster of the school. After reviewing this job description one could see how little time there might be for an athletic director to provide direct leadership. With all of the tasks listed within the job description the athletic director must provide leadershi p more via example, rather than through direct communication with his/her student-athletes and coaching staff. Doing nothing more than following the specific tasks list of the job description above would associate the athletic director with transactional rather than transformational leadership. Simply following the task list of the job description would essentially provide the student-athletes with a basic and universal athletic program. The athletic director would also be performing his or her job duties for the sake of getting the most basic job done. This shows the community that the interest level of providing leadership on a much higher level to the community, student-athletes, and administration is obsolete. Most people are able to complete the tasks that are provided for them by a school administration. What exactly does this do for the advancement and recognition of the efforts put forth by the student-athletes, as well as teaching the student-athletes and coaches the value of having strong ethics and morals? The next sample job description is from a public school in Virginia: Athletic Director Requirements and Responsibilities are to work with administration and the assistant athletic director to create and maintain a comprehensive program for student activities that emphasizes positive public relations, coaching performance, and student recognition, utilize a computerized software program for scheduling, prepares and distributes schedules for athletic and academic competitions, including contracts where required, supervise the preparation and distribution of eligibility lists, ensure that all students participating in athletic or academic competition are eligible, and have a Virginia High School License (VHSL) physical form and Stonewall Jackson High Schools Handbook (SJHS) sign off on file, oversee the athletic/academic activities budget, approve all athletic expenditures, follow school procedures for ordering, and determine allocations for athletic/academic program with the principal, obtain officials, ticket takers, clock operators, announcers, etc. f or all home events, work with the transportation department to arrange transportation for away events and practices where necessary, attend district, regional, and state VHSL meetings, ensure that annual equipment and uniform inventories are conducted by head coaches, and assist head coaches in updating equipment/uniforms, assist principal in selection of coaching staff, complete evaluation form for each head coach with an endorsement by the principal at the end of the season, ensure that head coaches submit required documentation in a timely fashion at the end of each season, including evaluation form for assistant coaches, inventories, end of season reports, etc, work with the Booster Club in coordinating their activities, including presenting requests for funding for all programs to the Booster Club, submit news releases on awards, etc. to local media, supervise the maintenance of the Sports Zone web page and ensure that it is up-to-date at all times, inform local media, official s, coaches, bus drivers and administrators immediately upon cancellation of an event and rescheduled dates as soon as available; post cancellations/rescheduled games on web site, prepare money for ticket takers, water for officials, scoreboard, PA system, etc. for home events, supervise events in conjunction with the building administrators, serve as a liaison between school clubs, departments and administration for scheduling events which do not conflict with VHSL athletic and academic events, work with custodial staff for proper maintenance of facilities and equipment. When comparing the two job descriptions above, one can see how important the athletic director position is to interscholastic athletics. Each athletic director shares many of the same responsibilities regardless of the population within the school with which they are employed. As an employee, the Athletic Director is the second most important position next to the schools Principal. High school athletic directors are vital to ensuring that the climate of the school which they direct will stay positive and energized. The athletic director as a leader is an integral part of the school system. Each year, the job description of athletic directors becomes more complex. Recently, responsibilities added to the athletic directors job description are (a) purchasing and distribution of equipment, supplies, and uniforms, (b) planning and scheduling for the use of facilities, (c) public relations, (d) fund-raising, (e) legal and medical protection for coaches and student-athletes, (f) compliance with national and state policies and procedures, (g) administration of events, (h) completion of the goals and objectives of the school, and (i) implementation and management of media events (Smith, 1993). These responsibilities make it highly unlikely that just one individual can effectively manage a successful interscholastic athletic program, especially at a large school with a c omprehensive athletic program. ADs must be willing to put the time and effort into getting the job done. According to Barnhill, (1998) in order to do so, a high school athletic director must call on his/her support staff, such as coaches and other administrators at the school. Additionally, Barnhill (1998) stated the high school athletic director must be a leader with the ability to delegate and manage delegated tasks. If the athletic director fails at delegating and managing the tasks necessary to lead a successful athletic program, his/her coaches will begin to lose faith in the athletic directors ability to lead. The many responsibilities that an athletic director assumes when taking a position within administration are largely dictated by the athletic directors fellow administrators. The athletic directors position is supported by many other administrators such as the director of development, dean of students, director of advising, director of admissions, and director of college recruitment to name a few. The director of development will help the athletic director with fundraising for athletics, the dean of students assists the athletic director with student-athlete disciplinary issues, the director of admissions assists the athletic director in qualifying the students for eligibility, and the director of college recruitment assists the athletic director in qualifying student athletes for colle ge recruitment. With all of these administrators working together the leadership within the school is strong and successful. The athletic directors ability to recruit co-workers to assist in leading the department of athletics as well as the institution itself would classify him/her as a transformational leader. As stated earlier according to, Bass (1997) transformational leadership is universally applicable. He proposed that regardless of culture, transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the group or organization. In order for this to occur the transformational leader must possess certain characteristics to inspire followers. According to Parks and Quarterman (2003) stated, those characteristics include: trusting his or her subordinates, meaning that a good leader will make use of employees energy and talent. The key to productive relationship is mutual trust. Secondly, develop a vision for employees to follow a visionary leader. They want to know what they are working for. Thirdly, keeping his or her cool, explains that leaders demonstrate their met tle in crisis under fire. They inspire others to remain calm and to act intelligently. Fourth, they are experts at what they do, informing us that employees are much more likely to follow a leader that radiates confidence, is intuitive, and continues to master the profession. Fifth, they invite dissent, meaning a leader is willing to accept a variety of opinions and integrate them. Sixth, they simplify the position, so that leaders can focus on what is important and reach elegant, simple answers to complex problems by keeping the details to themselves. Lastly, they encourage risk. Risk encourages employees to take chances and readily accept error (p. 179-180). One who exudes all of these characteristics is often seen as a leader in sport that is few and far between. While it is important that any leader become an effective manager, being an effective manager and an effective leader are two different matters. According to Hersey and Blanchard (2001) the definition of management is the process of working with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals (p. 9). In addition, they defined leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in effort toward goal achievement in a given situation (p. 78). Some theorists suggest that both management and leadership are necessary to those who seek professional management in high school athletics and other sport careers. Parks and Quarterman (2003) stated that many athletic directors find themselves involved with management as a process approach. This approach sees managers using interactive activities such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting in order to accomplish the goals and objectives of the organ ization or institution. Conversely, the remaining athletic directors consider themselves as a leader in some capacity. As previously noted, two possible leadership styles of high school athletic directors nationwide are transformational and transactional. According to Bass (1985), transactional leaders are engulfed in the way of thinking that compliance is the key. The coach will get rewarded if he/she follows directions and orders. Additionally, Bass (1985) identified two factors as composing transactional leadership. Leaders can transact with followers by rewarding effort contractually, telling them what to do to gain rewards, punishing undesired action, and giving extra feedback and promotions for good work. Such transactions are referred to as contingent reward (CR) leadership. Field and Herold (1997) described transactional leadership as a reward-driven behavior, where the follower behaves in such a manner as to elicit rewards or support from the leader. If a high school athlet ic director is primarily transactional in style, coaches who work for that high school athletic director will only pursue the notion of success if they know ahead of time that there is a reward for achieving that success. In some instances, a primarily transactional leadership style may actually derive from the athletic directors own quest for external, tangible rewards. So, the question arises with many transactional leaders as to why they are involved with coaching or administration if all they are looking for is an end reward? Some administrators in athletics have not had relevant sports management training and likely have developed expertise in other areas, such as business, physical education, or simply general education. A high school athletic director with a traditional business background might be brought in by the administration simply to raise funds for the athletic program, manage the program, and direct the program much like one would manage a corporate operation. Likewi se, a high school athletic director who is brought in with a physical education background is traditionally done so because of his or her success with coaching the student-athlete and having the ability to get through to the student-athlete as needed to provide a successful interscholastic program. The umbrella that encompasses this can be very lucrative for the school if done correctly. In other words, an athletic director who has a physical education background starts out building r

Hybrid Cars: The Slow Drive To Energy Security Essay -- Gasoline Elect

Hybrid Cars: The Slow Drive to Energy Security The hybrid car market is slowly ramping up. In the past five years the number of hybrid sales in the U.S. grew tenfold from 9,500 in 2000 to 100,000 in 2004. By the end of 2005, the number of hybrid cars on American roads will grow to 300,000, represented by about seven or eight hybrid models, including the two-door Honda Insight, which will have sales of about 2,000 in 2005. The increasing sales numbers are encouraging, but must be viewed in the context of the overall car market. The 100,000 hybrid car sales in 2004 represent about one-half of one percent of the 17 million new cars sold this year. If every new hybrid driver effectively (and optimistically) doubled fuel economy from 20 mpg to 40 mpg for 40 miles of daily driving, then a gallon per hybrid car would be saved every single day. That's a whopping 100,000 gallons per day chalked up to hybrid car drivers. But, we've only reduced our daily U.S. consumption from 360 million gallons to 359,900,000 gallons. Market forecasters predict a continued annual doubling of hybrid car sales for the next few years. We could reach the major milestone of one million hybrid cars on American roads somewhere in the 2007 or 2008 timeframe. Again, this is cause for celebration, until you consider that there are approximately 200 million cars in America today—and over 700 million vehicles worldwide. If car numbers keep increasing at the present rate, there will be more than a billion cars and trucks on the road across the world in 20 years. Vehicles are now driven two trillion miles each year in the U.S., and there are more cars than adults. Nevertheless, with the proven success of the Toyota Prius, which won every possible accolade... ...nsumers of hybrid cars have demonstrated, with their pocketbooks, their commitment to reducing oil dependency. In marketing lingo, they are considered â€Å"influencers† — the segment which is more educated, more affluent, and older — and which shapes the buying decisions of the rest of America. Hybrid owners sit behind the wheel of their hybrid everyday, and wonder what more they could do. Unfortunately, hybrid drivers and alternative energy supporters are now splintered and their efforts are diffuse. In order to put enough pressure on the automakers to stop resisting the change that must come, hybridcars.com is trying to galvanize hybrid drivers and develop partnerships with advocacy groups to develop the most effective strategies for promoting greater fuel efficiency in our cars and trucks. The environment, the economy, and our national security hang in the balance.

Conquest of Mexico Essay -- essays research papers fc

Conquest of Mexico   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1519 Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s led a couple hundred other Spaniards inland to the impressive Empire of the Mexica ruled by the Great Montezuma. Many historians today tell how quickly and almost effortlessly these Spaniards conquered the Empire. They paint an image of ignorant, helpless Indians practically giving up their land out of fear of this group because certainly the Spaniards must be gods since they have powerful weapons and strange animals. We know neither Cortà ©s nor any of his men were gods, of course, but what was it that allowed Cortà ©s to prevail over the inhabitants of the land? The First Expeditions To begin, in 1517 Francisco Hernà ¡ndez de Cà ³rdova, Bernal Dà ­az del Castillo, and some other gentlemen embarked on a journey to explore new lands in hopes of seeking employment since they had yet to find it in their new home of Cuba. In need of additional provisions, the governor of Cuba, Diego Velà ¡squez, loaned the group supplies and a boat with the agreement that they return with Indians to be used as slaves. At Cape Catoche of the Yucatan Peninsula, Cà ³rdova’s men first encountered a group of Indians who at first appeared friendly and welcoming only to draw those who disembarked along the road to their village where they then ambushed the explorers. In that battle, fifty soldiers died and the captain and the remaining men all suffered many wounds. The explorers continued to receive this type of reception from the Indians they encountered at every stop along the coast of the peninsula. Nearly dieing of thirst for want of fresh water, Cà ³rdova and his men tried again and again to safely land and gain casks of fresh water. At Champoton they encountered fresh water. Yet again they met with hostile, warring Indians. Only one man escaped without harm, but the Indians captured him. Once the Indians retreated, Cà ³rdova and his men quickly filled the casks with fresh water and returned to their ship. In light of the fact that the voyage proved to be somewhat of a disaster and all the men were either ill or wounded, they decided to return at once to Havana. (Dà ­az) Once in Havana, Cà ³rdova sent a report to Governor Velà ¡squez word of their return. In addition to reporting about the warring natives, Cà ³rdova described the discovery of heavily populated lands where the people lived in masonry houses, wore cotton garments,... ... Spaniards, and various Indians battled day after day often regaining what they had lost in the night as they retreated for rest. Cortà ©s had previously been adamant about only causing harm to the Indians when absolutely necessary. The new lord refused to withdraw and admit defeat. Finally, Cortà ©s called for all buildings to be decimated. He had envoys at all entrances to the city by that time, and escape was impossible. July 26, 1520, after 12,000 dead, Cortà ©s claimed Mexico City for Spain. Works Cited Cortà ©s, Hernando. 5 Letters of Cortà ©s to the Emperor 1529 – 1526. Trans. J. Bayard Morris. New York: W. W. Norton, 1962. Dà ­az del Castillo, Bernal. The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico,1517 – 1521/Edited from the only exact copy of the original MS. (and published in Mexico) by Genaro Garcà ­a. Translated with an introd. And notes by A.P. Maudslay. Introd. To the American ed. By Irving A. Leonard. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy, 1956. Helly, Mathilde. Montezuma and the Aztecs/Mathilde Helly and Rà ©mi Courgeon. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1996. Morris, J. Bayard, trans. 5 Letters of Cortà ©s to the Emperor 1529 – 1526. By Hernando Cortà ©s. New York: W. W. Norton, 1962.

Ochres: Dance and Aboriginal Culture

Bangarra Dance Company Ochres: Red vs. Black Culture and its, at times, inconceivable differences is an expression of concern for our society today. Silencing and elapsing of cultures and traditions seems to have escalated immensely. However, for the sake of our future, there is strong importance in the need of these traditions endurance. Therefore, contemporary dance has the aptitude in defying these unjust cultural judgments. We see countless contemporary choreographers, today, merging momentous techniques of contemporary with traditional aspects of cultures; for unerringly that reason.Widely acclaimed within Australia and internationally, Bangarra Dance Theatre presents the spirit of true Australia. They make traditional culture accessible and enjoyable, providing an enriching experience for the audience. Their works are creative and thought-provoking, contributing to a greater understanding and acceptance of Aboriginal values. The work of Ochres (1995), a Bangarra Dance Theatre p roduction, embraces upon the cultural and spiritual significance of Aboriginal life.Through the four colours of Ochres, each representing an element of Aboriginal culture, Stephen Page integrated contemporary abstraction in exposing symbolic reasoning. A correlation of the inspired traditional forms is distinguishable in both sections ‘Red’ and ‘Black’ of the phenomenal production. Evidently, through the use of only four male dancers, ‘Black’ conveys the element of men’s business. The storyline perceives an ash storm that has blown over and that the call and pain of initiation can only be viewed from a distance.Traditionally, what’s more stereotypically, men were visualised as the control and workers in Aboriginal culture. As the support providers for their families, men would find themselves endlessly hunting and toiling. Stephen Page successfully fused these aspects of tradition within a contemporary piece; creating such meaning . Varying movements are performed with strong suspension and sustainability; denoting their power and boldness. This is further supported by, in sections of the dance, the strength held by the upper torso while utilizing various leg movements.Actions of kicks and leaps are performed at various levels assisting in the representation of the ups and downs they are faced with, and the fight from pain. The movement where dancers appear kneeling to the floor, pushing and pulling their arms repeatedly, appears as an abstraction of plowing; another element of men at work. Furthermore, movements intertwine with the use of props as they crawl behind and in front of them. It is this that appears as a sign of the men being out in the bush hunting.In order to define their connection with the land; tradition of aboriginal culture, low crawling and floor movements are seen throughout the sequence. In comparison, the development of ‘Red’ evokes the customs, laws and values placed on th e relationships between women and men who have been on a path of change since time began. In each of these relationships: the youth, the obsession, the poison, the pain, there is struggle. Unlike ‘Black’, ‘Red’ makes use of both male and female dancers to portray this message and embrace these relationships.Within the first sequence, youth is evidently conveyed through the use of childlike motifs; such as the women flashing her dress towards the man, running around, skipping, and torment of the male. It appears as the initiation of a relationship between a man and a woman; or as evident in youth, a girl and a boy. As the sequence progress, the young boy finds himself arising from the torment of these fellow ladies and perseveres his dominance. During torment the male is visualised sitting at a lower level, but once power is regained levels change dramatically where he is above the women.As the males in ‘black’, the male’s movements are p erformed with strong suspension and sustainability of his entire physique. Strong kicks, high leaps and barrel rolls, and lifting of the female dancers further enhance his dominance. Again, as ‘black’ embraces in a connection to the land through numerous floor movements so too does ‘red’. The following two segments, encompassing obsession and poison, are where a slight contrast of movements is evident. Suspended and sustained movements remain but less sharp and forceful; almost more drawn out and gradual.This emphasises the delicate love and care for each other. However, as the word obsession suggests, its segment consist of support where dancers are endlessly connected: either being hip to hip, head to hip or upper body to upper body. This idea establishes the need for one person within love, always relying on them and falling back to them. Furthermore, it encompasses numerous lifts throughout to convey their connection. Whereas, within poison slow suspend ed movements are performed in unison almost repelling each other. Dancers become within each other’s personal space, so close yet do not touch.This is the beginning of the struggle of relationships; where they find themselves repulsed by each other. Finally, the closing segment addresses pain; the dying of one’s love. This section is relatively shorter than the rest representing the short death and pain. The male appears as the focus, just like the males present in ‘black’, as he sits at a low level; close to the connection of his land for the last time. The female is present dancing around him as a spirit of hope. Evidently, she utilises various turns and jumps to achieve this meaning.Traditional aspect of the stolen generation can further be respected abstractedly within the work of ‘Red’; dwelling upon the historical background of Aboriginal’s. This is shown through the men representing the government and the women representing all o f the Aboriginal women. Movements have been utilised through forceful suspension and sustainability allowing the dancers to express their emotions towards this historical chapter. The fast movements and the use of space show the aboriginals trying to escape from the government in order to save their family.As Page endeavours to encompass Aboriginal culture within contemporary dance, he makes use of occasional Aboriginal dance techniques. In both ‘Red’ and ‘Black’ of Ochres it is blatant to see these techniques throughout. By altering movements, that would generally be seen on straight supporting legs; such as pirouettes, to bent from the knees is one approach of foreshadowing Aboriginal techniques. From the bending of knees, asymmetrical shapes can then be established; another aspect visualised within Aboriginal dances. Finally, music and aural elements of the entire piece encompass aboriginal chanting to maintain this culture.Stephen Page’s producti on of Ochres is one of the many illustrations to how contemporary choreographers of today revive those slowly diminishing traditions of our historical cultures. As distinguished within the works of ‘Black’ and ‘Red’ of this production, cultural understanding and justice can be achieved through incorporating its aspects into contemporary dance. His influence to our current and future society has been enormous, contributing to a much greater understanding and acceptance of cultural values. More particularly, our authentic Australian spirit of Aboriginal ancestors can be reunderstood and claimed as truly remarkable.

National Effluent Limitation Regulations In Nigerian Breweries Environmental Sciences Essay

Nigeria, a state with 30 six provinces situated in the western portion of Africa, rich in mineral and natural resources, holding a size of three 100s and 50 six 1000, six hundred and 60 nine square stat mis of land country, with ecological zones runing from the dry savannas in the North, to the H2O abundant Niger Delta ( about nine hundred and twenty three 1000, seven hundred and 70 three square kilometers ) – She is more than half the United States of American province of California, Nigeria has placed her name on the Earth for acknowledgment in exportation of crude oil oil, Indian potato, palm oil and chocolate. Deriving her independency in 1960, she has been ruled and governed under the military and civilian epoch, with the later still in regulation, besides known as the epoch of democracy. Nigeria, like many other former British settlements operates a common jurisprudence. The chief beginnings of jurisprudence in Nigeria are customary jurisprudence ( which was the legal sy stem runing in Nigeria prior to the coming of the British colonial regulation ) , the Nigerian statute law, and common jurisprudence. The composing and nature of our environment has greatly been altered by activities such as industrialisation, transit, building and other activities. Nigeria is a underdeveloped state and so, has industries situated in urban and rural countries, most of these industries are fabricating and bring forthing industries, and as such, tend to give off waste merchandises which acts as pollutants to the immediate and environing environment. This essay covers air pollution control Torahs in Nigeria caused by brewing activities. Brewing ACTIVITY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Brewing is a complex procedure with several phases, that tend to bring forth pollutants in signifier of exhausts and wastewater that causes environmental air pollution. The natural stuff aggregation procedure, produces dust which when inhaled makes the victim to sneeze and cough, for this ground, animal trainers are given protective cogwheels to cover their nose, neglecting to gain that this dust atoms still float in the air and pollutes the environment. The steam produced when the milled grains are boiling ( wort production ) , and the add-on of barm to the cooled wort for fermenting the wort into beer, ( the aeration procedure ) , the bottling and packaging which deals with H2O that is in bend converted to blow H2O that gives a malodor before treated. Waste H2O from the industry ( wastewater ) , which is subsequently on recycled and used to rinse equipments in the mill, gives out a malodor that offends neighboring environing. In the outflowing armored combat vehicles, the smell pro duced airss as a nuisance to the environing environment in the signifier of air pollution. The jurisprudence associating to air pollution in Nigeria is contained in legion instruments as obtained in The National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency ( NESREA ) Act 2007, an Agency of the Ministry of Environment Housing and Urban Development is charged with the duty of implementing environmental Laws, ordinances andA criterion in discouraging people, industries and organisation from fouling and degrading the environment. Harmonizing to the Environmental Law Research Institute 2007, ( ELRI ) for Nigeria, the outline of Torahs and ordinances purposes at bring oning responsible attitudes and behaviors towards the environment are embedded in NESREA Act 2007 which replaced the Federal Environmental Protection Agency ( FEPA ) Act, notes in Section 7, that it provides authorization to guarantee conformity with environmental Torahs, local and international, on environmental sanitation and pollution bar and control through monitory and regulative steps. Harmonizing to the ordinances under NESREA on National Effluent Limitation Regulations, Section 1 ( 1 ) requires industry installations to hold anti-pollution equipment for the intervention of wastewater, but because policies are non given out to the general populace, possibly due to company ‘s work moralss or policy, one can non state if the intervention of wastewater is decently met in the brewing industry, nevertheless, because of the air pollution caused by this activity, it is recommended that Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) comes into act to look into if the industry has exceeded its bound in fouling the environment as stated in The National Environment Protection ( Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities bring forthing Waste ) Regulations ( 1991 ) , Section 1 Prohibits the release of risky substances into the air, land or H2O of Nigeria beyond approved bounds set by the Agency. Besides, the demand for the Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA ) to mensurate the degree of impact and harm done to the environment is non applied, it is for this ground that both little and large industries still generate a batch of pollution to the environment. The E.I.A Act, as it is informally called, trades with the considerations of environmental impact in regard of public and private undertakings. Sections relevant to environmental exigency bar under the EIA include: – Section 2 ( 1 ) requires an appraisal of public or private undertakings probably to hold a important ( negative ) impact on the environment. However, this is non the instance when compared with the activities of brewing, as it gives a negative impact on the immediate environment. Mwalimu in his text states â€Å" The common jurisprudence addendums statutory control and ordinance of air pollution in Nigeria for illustration refering Byzantine liability under civil wrongs of nuisance and carelessness. † This means that the jurisprudence is at that place to command and modulate air pollution. A civil wrong is an hurt incurred by one or more persons, and it may affect mere inattention by the air defiler who allowed the hurt to happen. The different phases are powered with generators which emit exhausts into the air, the phases involved besides releases exhausts into the air, wastewater H2O which is before treated Acts of the Apostless as another agency of air pollution. The exhausts produced from the industry, derived as a consequence of the production from brewing, running of Diesel operated generators ( normally known as ‘diesel exhausts ‘ ) are a mixture of gases, bluess, liquid aerosols and substances made up of atoms. They contain the merchandises of burning including: C ( carbon black ) ; N ; H2O ; C monoxide ; aldehydes ; N dioxide ; sulfur dioxide ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This gases acts as pollutants and are suspended in the ambiance where they cause nursery consequence and lead to planetary heating. Most of these gases harm flora, respiratory system, merchandise of complete burning of organic compounds ; implicated in planetary clime alteration. In other words they damage and pollute the environment ; it is safe to state that brewing activities contributes to one of the major beginnings of pollution. Environment is a really wide construct and involves everything that affects an being during its life-time. Harmonizing to Srinivasan â€Å" our environment comprises atmosphere, H2O, Earth, and infinite † . In his book, Chauhan defined environment in different ways ; â€Å" 1. It is in entirety of all societal, biological and physical or chemical separately every bit good as jointly that compose the nature and semisynthetic milieus. It refers to the sum sum of conditions which surrounds adult male at a given point in infinite and clip. It is the representative of physical constituents of the Earth where in adult male is the of import factor act uponing his environment † It would look that what the writer means by environment is the entirety of the environing organic structure ( air, land and H2O ) that can be seen and felt by populating being. Pollution is when different activities done by adult male makes the environment ( air, land and H2O ) dirty, Saunders in his text defines Pollution as â€Å" The debut by adult male of waste affair or surplus energy into the environment which straight or indirectly causes harm to adult male and his environment other than himself, his family, those in his employment or those with whom his has a direct trading relationship † . This means that for every action adult male has taken has caused pollution straight or indirectly. Olanrewaju and Chukwukere defined air pollution as â€Å" the debut of chemicals, particulate affair, biological stuffs that may do injury or uncomfortableness to worlds or other life beings or cause harm to the natural environment or built environment, into the ambiance and farther classified beginnings of air pollution into anthropogenetic beginnings and natural beginnings † . Tiwary and Colls stated in their book that â€Å" air pollution has been with us since the first fire was lit, although different facets have been of import at different times. While many would see air pollution an issue that the modern universe has resolved to a greater extent, it still appears to hold a considerable influence on the planetary environment † . It would look that the writers mean to state that air pollution, has been in being from the beginning of clip where fire was discovered and perchance before so. Vallero in his text defined air pollution in page three of his book as â€Å" Air Pollution is the presence of contaminations or pollutant substances in the air that interfere with human wellness or public assistance, or bring forth other harmful environmental effects † . Hill in his text said â€Å" Pollution occurs because no procedure is one 100 per centum efficient † the writer means that pollution is inevitable but can be managed. As stated above, there is no procedure or activity done by any life being that does non ensue in one signifier of pollution or the other. A good illustration of air pollution includes failure to inspect the operation and care of electrostatic precipitators or failure to design and size an equal suspension engineering.Consequence of Air Pollution on Health of HumansOlarenwaju and Chukwukere, the consequence of air pollution and perturbation of natural air causes different wellness jobs such as trouble in external respiration, wheezing, coughing, exasperation of bing respiratory and cardiac conditions, pneumonic aggravations, vascular disfunction, increased thrombus formation, encephalon harm, malignant neoplastic disease, and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. For this ground, statute laws and ordinances have been made for bring forthing industries to stay in, and breach in this has its effects. This statute law in relation to environmental jurisprudence constitutes meshing organic structure of pacts, conventions, legislative acts, ordinances, and common jurisprudence that, really loosely, run to modulate the interaction of humanity and the remainder of the biophysical or natural environment, toward the intent of cut downing the impacts of homo. The defiler can be held responsible for the harm to human wellness. These Torahs and ordinances are in the fundamental law but are non enforced in the state, because pollution is still on the addition in this underdeveloped state. The usage of generators to power the mill, or a house or machineries has led to non merely air pollution but besides noise pollution. Harmonizing to Abdulkareem in his instance survey on Urban air pollution by computing machine simulator, â€Å" Urban Air pollution due to activities of procedure industries is one of the chief jobs faced by the industrial country of the universe. † This means that, every bit long as there is an industrial procedure traveling on, air pollution would still be present. The action carried out by the brewery industry does non advance clean air, and hence pollutes the air and this causes uncomfortableness for the dwellers of the environing environment, and the regulative organic structures are non efficient in transporting out their responsibilities, unlike the United Kingdom, where Legislations are invariably reviewed and put into topographic point to angle out industries and companies that are transcending the pollution bound, environmental licenses are in topographic point, pollution bar and control licenses are besides in topographic point to look into for interest holders that breach Torahs and to look into for hw air pollution is regulated. As earlier said, there is no procedure that does non foul the environment. The Pollution Prevention and Control permits ( PPC ) of the United Kingdom states that â€Å" If a concern operates in Northern Ireland or Scotland, the concern would necessitate a PPC license from an environmental regulator before such concern would be allowed to run. The NEW Environmental Permitting ( England and Wales ) Regulations 2010 SI 675 provides a amalgamate system for environmental licenses and freedoms for industrial activities, Mobile works, waste operations, excavation waste operations, H2O discharge activities, groundwater activities and radioactive substances activities. It besides sets out the powers, maps and responsibilities of the regulators † .Unlike the United Kingdom where the populace has the right to cognize the statute law for air pollution control, the populace is incognizant of this statute law in Nigeria. Very small is put in topographic point for the populace, there is no clean air act, which gives powers to local councils to command domestic and industrial fume to better local air quality and meet EU air quality criterions for sulfur dioxide and particulates. The English air statute law controls emanations of gases, dark fume and other airborne pollutants that harm the quality of the ambiance. It includes environmental permitting and empowering governments and, via the clime alteration model, establishes fiscal inducements to exchange to less-polluting ways of working.NEW Aerosol Dispensers Regulations 2009 SI 2824 aims to protect public wellness by forbiding the supply or ownership of aerosols non marked as conforming to safety criterions.Recommendation: This ordinance has been in topographic point to run into up to the cleanliness of the environment, but because of the corruptness of the land, such Torahs are non enforced and hence, it is ignored. The industries still run and release aerosols and exhausts into the ambiance, damaging the immediate environment.