Steve Brodie and the Brooklyn Bridge

One of the enduring legends about the early years of the Brooklyn Bridge was a wildly famous  incident which may never have happened. Steve Brodie, a character from  the Manhattan neighborhood adjacent to the bridge, claimed to have jumped from its roadway, splashed into the East River from a height of 135 feet, and survived. Whether Brodie actually jumped on July 23, 1886, has been disputed for years. Yet the story was widely believed at the time, and the sensationalist newspapers of the day put the stunt  on their front pages. Reporters provided extensive details about Brodie’s preparations, his rescue in the river, and his time spent in a police station following the jump. It all seemed quite credible. Brodies leap came a year after another jumper from the bridge, Robert Odlum, died after hitting the water. So the feat had been assumed to be impossible. Yet a month after Brodie claimed to have jumped, another neighborhood character, Larry Donovan, jumped from the bridge while thousands of spectators watched. Donovan survived, which at least proved that what Brodie claimed to have done was possible. Brodie and Donovan became locked in a peculiar competition to see who could jump off other bridges. The rivalry ended two years later when Donovan was killed jumping from a bridge in England. Brodie lived for another 20 years and became something of a tourist attraction himself. He ran a bar in lower Manhattan and visitors to New York City would visit to shake the hand of the man who had jumped from the Brooklyn Bridge. Brodies Famous Jump The news accounts of Brodies jump detailed how he had been planning the jump. He said his motivation was to make money. And stories on  the front pages of both the   New York Sun and New York Tribune provided extensive details of Brodies activities before and after the jump. After arranging with friends to pick him up in the river in a rowboat, he hitched a ride onto the bridge in a horse-drawn wagon.   While in the middle of the bridge Brodie got out of the wagon. With some makeshift padding under his clothes, he stepped off from a point about 135 feet above the East River. The only people expecting Brodie to jump were his friends in the boat, and no impartial witnesses claimed to have seen what happened. The popular version of the story was that he landed feet first, sustaining only minor bruises. After his friends pulled him into the  boat and returned him to shore there was a celebration. A policeman came along and arrested Brodie, who appeared to be intoxicated.  When the newspaper reporters caught up with him, he was relaxing in a jail cell. Brodie appeared in court on a few occasions but no serious legal problems resulted from his stunt. And he did cash in on his sudden fame. He began appearing in dime museums, telling his story to gawking visitors. Donovans Leap A month after Brodies famous jump, a worker in a lower Manhattan print shop showed up at the office of the New York Sun on a Friday afternoon. He said he was Larry Donovan (though the Sun claimed his last name was actually Degnan)  and he was going to jump from the Brooklyn Bridge the next morning. Donovan claimed he had been offered money by the Police Gazette, a popular publication, and was going to ride onto the bridge in one of their delivery wagons. And he would jump with plenty of witnesses to the feat. Good to his word, Donovan did jump from the bridge on Saturday morning, August 28, 1886. Word had been passed around his neighborhood, the Fourth Ward, and rooftops were crowded with spectators. The New York Sun described the event on the front page of Sundays paper: He was steady and cool, and with his feet close together he leaped straight out into the great space before him. For about 100 feet he shot straight downward as he had leaped, his body erect and his legs tight together. Then he bent slightly forward, his legs spread a little apart and bent at the knees. In this position he struck the water with a splash that sent the spray high in the air and was heard from the bridge and on both sides of the river. After his friends picked him up in a boat, and he was rowed to shore, he was, like Brodie, arrested. He was also soon free.  But,  unlike Brodie, he did not want to display himself in the dime museums of the Bowery. A few months later, Donovan traveled to Niagara Falls. He jumped off the suspension bridge there on November 7, 1886. He broke a rib, but survived. Less than a year after his leap from the Brooklyn Bridge, Donovan died after jumping from the Southeastern Railway bridge in London, England. The New York Sun reported his demise on the front page, noting that while the bridge in England was not as high as the Brooklyn Bridge, Donovan had actually drowned in the Thames. Later Life of Steve Brodie Steve Brodie claimed to have jumped from the suspension bridge at Niagara Falls three years after his purported Brooklyn Bridge leap. But his story was immediately doubted. Whether or not Brodie had jumped from the Brooklyn Bridge, or any bridge, didnt seem to matter. He was a New York celebrity, and people wanted to meet him. After years of running a saloon, he became ill and went to live with a daughter in Texas. He died there in 1901.

The Black And White Women Of Jacobs s Book Form Bonds

How do the black and white women of Jacobs’s book form bonds in response to maledemands and how does race impact â€Å"sisterhood† or feminism in the era before the Civil War: Argument: feminist Advocacy: Before Civil War a new wave of feminism is raised in America and soon spread out all over the world because in that time women of America was self-employed and they did jobs, face different problems. Therefore, we say the next wave of feminism is the feminism’s second wave.In this wave, they raised topics according to situation of that time but we see it is co incident that these are the same issues that world faced in todays too. These issues are sexuality regarding family and workplace environment, rights of reproduction, inequalities whether it belongs to de facto sideor from official or from legal side (Jacobs, 1861). In this era of feminism, women of US came from houses and raised the benefits of income because now they entered into mainstreamof public life. 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Case Study for Mental Disorder

Questions: 1. Identify and describe the following four (4) key components of the mental state, as they relate to Ellens presentation: - Mood - Thought Content - Thought form - Insight2.Identify and describe two (2) areas of risk for Ellen in relation to her current presentation. 3.Discuss four (4) nursing care priorities for Ellen and provide a nursing intervention and a rational for each intervention identified.4. Identify one (1) recovery principle (as per the National Framework for Recovery-Oriented Mental Health Services). https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-n-recovfra. Answers: 1. An individual suffering from bipolar disorder or manic depression, suffer from mood swing, which includes short period of depressive feeling, followed by sudden elevated mood. According to Kiesepp et al., (2014), the patient of bipolar disorder often displays unusual behavior due to high level of variation in their mood. It is very common for Ellen to experience intense emotion and change in the sleep pattern. The swing in the mood is prime characteristic of this mental disorder and in the case of Ellen, who is suffering from chronic bipolar disorder it is very common to suffer from anxiety and schizophrenic mood. The though content can for a mentally ill patient can be defined as what the individual is thinking about. Schneck et al., (2014), believes that person like Ellen with a mood disorder can have obsessive thought and be feeling of phobia. They also have the feeling to intoxicate with the drug and alcoholic drink. The delusional thinking is also common characteristics of bipolar disorder and it is mainly responsible for the depressive feeling. The homicidal or suicidal ideas are also a prime thought content. The delusional thinking is also likely to take, which has no link with the external reality (Rovner, 2016). The thought form or process of reflection is used to explain the exact form of thinking pattern and define the characteristics of the idea of the individual suffering from bipolar disorder. Ellen will have a high level of disturbed thought process. Power et al., (2013), stated that mentally disordered individual have highly rapid thought process due to the fact they suffer from quick change in the mood. Moreover, the thought form can be extremely disorganized as it is difficult for those persons to focus on one particular goal for an extended period of time. Correll et al., (2015), believes that the study of insight regarding bipolar disorder can have significant contribution in the curing process of bipolar disorder. Many people suffering from bipolar disorder can have better insight into their illness. Nevertheless, it is common for the bipolar patient to loss the insight due to the obsessive behavior. There is a good relationship between the weak insight and the symptoms of the bipolar disorder. In case of schizophrenia, poor insight is observed. On the other hand, people having depressive mood have is able to have strong focus on the insight. Hence, Ellen will have the impaired insight which is responsible for her rapid shift of the social behavior. 2. A person suffering from bipolar disorder will have poor social life as they are unable to display normal behavior. Due to the rapid change of mood, it is difficult they often encounter the depressive mood. The major risk in the social life for Ellen is that she is alcoholic and thus can get involve in social violence. Due to over consumption of alcohol and several other drugs, she is not able to maintain the safe behavior that is essential for meeting with people of the community. She also has the risk of getting involved in all the main form of social violence. People, who are addicted to alcohol consumption often, have the tendency to ignore all the normal social protocols. As the addiction to consuming alcohol increase within Ellen, she will face the risk of spending huge money in buying liquor products and cigarettes. Hence, her family will have to face the risk of financial crisis, where they will not have the ability to purchase the basic requirements of life. Yatham et al., (2013), stated that person with mood disorder may often face the risk of facing social discrimination even from the close family members. 3. According to Paterniti Bisserbe, (2013), keeping the patient of mood disorder is a safe environment should be the top priority of the nurse. With the help of healthy environment, it is possible for the patient to maintain the normal mood without any major disturbance for the external source that can trigger alteration in the mood. The unhealthy environment can also cause negative attitude and thereby harm their social life. The PRN medications are also another requirement for bipolar mood disorder patient like Ellen. Nevertheless, the nurse should recommend medications only if the situation of the patient reaches extreme cases. Anti-depressing drugs like Sertraline, which is regular medication for Ellen will help her to control the mood swing. Nevertheless, the nurse, who is taking care of Ellen, will have to be extra careful with the dosage of the medicines as the anti-depressant drugs have high side-effects associated with them. The nurse should encourage the patient to express their inner feelings. If they are able to describe the feelings, it is possible to relieve the stress and the tension they have within their mind. This will also able the patient to control the anger and thereby maintain calm attitude. With the help of mental psychotherapy and mental exercise, it is possible to control the hormonal misbalance in the body that is primarily responsible for the mood disorder (Trnkner, Sander Schnknecht, 2013). The nurse can also recommend the physical exercise for Ellen that will help to diminish the tension and hypertension. Finally, the most important that nurse should not put any pressure on the patient and try to give simple instructions. It is also important for the nurse to avoid all types of arguments and provide treatment according to the individual need of the patient. 4. According to the National Framework for Recovery of Oriented Mental Health Service, it is important to provide mental health care with the help of the professionally trained workers. The mental health workers should need to have enough information about the mental health disease. They also need to have enough training about the ways to deal with and behave with the people with a mental health condition. They also have the capability to deal with the risks that are associated with the treatment of mental patients ("Department of Health | A National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: policy and theory", 2016). The mental health workers should follow strict protocol to deal with patients like Ellen so that it is possible to provide treatment according to her personal needs. Reference Correll, C. U., Detraux, J., De Lepeleire, J., De Hert, M. (2015). Effects of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on risk for physical diseases in people with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder.World Psychiatry,14(2), 119-136. Department of Health | A National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: policy and theory. (2016). Health.gov.au. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-n-recovpol Kiesepp, T., Partonen, T., Haukka, J., Kaprio, J., Lnnqvist, J. (2014). High concordance of bipolar I disorder in a nationwide sample of twins.American Journal of Psychiatry. Paterniti, S., Bisserbe, J. C. (2013). Pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder and concordance with treatment guidelines: survey of a general population sample referred to a tertiary care service.BMC psychiatry,13(1), 1. Power, R. A., Kyaga, S., Uher, R., MacCabe, J. H., Lngstrm, N., Landen, M., ... Svensson, A. C. (2013). Fecundity of patients with schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, depression, anorexia nervosa, or substance abuse vs their unaffected siblings.JAMA psychiatry,70(1), 22-30. Rovner, D. (2016). Mental Status Examination in Primary Care: A Review - American Family Physician. Aafp.org. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/1015/p809.html Schneck, C. D., Miklowitz, D. J., Calabrese, J. R., Allen, M. H., Thomas, M. R., Wisniewski, S. R., ... Bowden, C. L. (2014). Phenomenology of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: data from the first 500 participants in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program.American Journal of Psychiatry. Trnkner, A., Sander, C., Schnknecht, P. (2013). A critical review of the recent literature and selected therapy guidelines since 2006 on the use of lamotrigine in bipolar disorder.Neuropsychiatric Disease Treatment,9. Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Beaulieu, S., Alda, M., ... Ravindran, A. (2013). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2013.Bipolar disorders,15(1), 1-44.